What Is a Notary Public?

A Notary Public is a state-appointed official who acts as an impartial witness during the signing of important documents. Their main role is to help prevent fraud by ensuring that signers are who they say they are and that they are willingly and knowingly entering into agreements.

Notaries play a vital part in verifying and certifying documents that significantly impact people’s lives—such as property transfers, powers of attorney, prenuptial agreements, and many other legal and financial matters that support everyday civic functions.

Key Responsibilities of a Notary Public

Notaries carry out what's known as notarial acts, which are designed to protect the integrity of the documents being signed. Their two core responsibilities include:

1. Verifying the identity of the signer

2. Ensuring the signer is willing and fully aware of what they are signing.

Identity Verification

To confirm identity, Notaries typically request a current government-issued photo ID that includes a physical description and a signature—common examples include passports and driver’s licenses.

Assessing Willingness and Awareness

Notaries also check that the individual understands what they’re signing and is doing so voluntarily. This step is especially important in cases where a signer may be under pressure or unable to comprehend the document due to health issues. In some instances, Notaries administer oaths or affirmations, requiring the signer to declare that the contents of a document are true under penalty of perjury.

Types of Notary Roles

While every Notary begins with a standard commission, there are several ways to expand your services:

• Traditional Notary: Fulfills state commission requirements and notarizes documents in person.

• Mobile Notary: A commissioned Notary who travels to the signer’s location, such as a residence or medical facility.

• Remote Online Notary (RON): Authorized to conduct notarizations over the internet using secure technology.

• Notary Signing Agent (NSA): A background-screened Notary trained to handle real estate loan signings.

Though all Notaries share the same foundational duties, the types of documents and settings they work in can vary:

Notary Type Document Format Location

Traditional Notary Paper In-person

Mobile Notary Paper In-person

Remote Online Notary Electronic Virtual

Notary Signing Agent Paper and Electronic In-person

Note: Some Notaries may perform in-person electronic notarizations (IPEN), which do not require extra training.

Where Notaries Work

Notaries can either be employed or self-employed. Some are commissioned by their employers—such as banks, law firms, or post offices—who cover the costs of training and commissioning. Others choose to work independently.

According to a 2023 survey from the National Notary Association, over half (51.1%) of respondents operated their own businesses as mobile Notaries or Notary Signing Agents.

Earning Potential as a Notary

Each state sets limits on how much Notaries can charge for their services, but there are ways to increase income. You can add travel fees, offer document printing, or specialize in niche areas like hospital or jail notarizations. Becoming certified as a Notary Signing Agent is another way to boost your earnings by handling higher-paying loan signings.

How to Become a Notary

If you’re interested in becoming a Notary, the process will depend on your state’s requirements. Typically, it includes:

• Meeting eligibility criteria

• Completing an application and paying a state fee

• Taking a course or passing an exam (in some states)

• Filing your bond and oath of office

• Purchasing necessary supplies such as a seal and journal

Now that you understand what a Notary Public does and the different opportunities available, consider exploring the many benefits that come with this important role.